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Code Formatting plugin modules are available in Confluence 2.2 and later versions

Code formatting plugin modules allow you to add new languages to the {code} macro.

Whenever the code macro is invoked, the macro checks the 'language' parameter against the languages supported by the available formatting plugins, and uses that plugin to format the source code.

For more information about plugins in general, read Confluence Plugin Guide.
To learn how to install and configure plugins (including macros), read Installing and Configuring Plugins manually.
For an introduction to writing your own plugins, read Writing Confluence Plugins

Code Formatting Plugins

Here is an example atlassian-plugin.xml file containing a single code formatter:

<atlassian-plugin name="My Formatter" key="confluence.extra.formatters">
    ...
    <codeformatter name="ruby" key="ruby" class="com.example.confluence.formatters.RubyFormatter">
        <description>Code formatter for the Ruby programming language</description>
    </codeformatter>
    ...
</atlassian-plugin>

the class attribute defines the class that will be added to the available formatters. This class must implement com.atlassian.renderer.v2.macro.code.SourceCodeFormatter

The SourceCodeFormatter Interface

All code formatters must implement the following simple interface:

package com.atlassian.renderer.v2.macro.code;

/**
 * Strategy for converting a block of source code into pretty-printed HTML. SourceCodeFormatters MUST be forgiving:
 * they will be dealing with user-supplied input, so they can't afford to blow up on bad data.
 */
public interface SourceCodeFormatter
{
    /**
     * Inform the CodeMacro which languages this formatter supports. So if someone writes {code:java}, then only
     * the formatter that returns "java" from this method will be used to format it.
     *
     * @return an array of languages that this formatter supports
     */
    String[] getSupportedLanguages();

    /**
     * Convert source code into HTML.
     *
     * @param code the source code as a string
     * @param language the programming language that it is believed this code is written in
     * @return the source code formatted as HTML
     */
    String format(String code, String language);
}

Formatter Priority

There is no concept of priority for formatters. If two formatters are installed and both return the same value from getSupportedLanguages(), one will be selected pretty much at random. If you want to avoid this behaviour, deactivate formatters that you no longer want to use.