User management limitations and recommendations
General recommendations
- Avoid duplicate usernames across directories. If you are connecting to more than one user directory, we recommend that you ensure the usernames are unique to one directory. For example, we do not recommend that you have a user
jsmithin both 'Directory1' and 'Directory2'. The reason is the potential for confusion, especially if you swap the order of the directories. Changing the directory order can change the user that a given username refers to.
- Be careful when deleting users in remote directories. If you are connecting to an LDAP directory, a Crowd directory or a remote Jira directory, please take care when deleting users from the remote directory. If you delete a user that is associated with data in Jira, this will cause problems in Jira. We recommend that you perform all user management in Jira, because the Jira UI will prevent the deletion of a user if there are issues assigned to the user, reported by the user or the user is a project lead.
Find out how easy, scalable and effective it can be with Crowd!
See centralized user management.
Recommendations for connecting to LDAP
Optimal Number of Users and Groups in your LDAP Directory
The connection to your LDAP directory provides powerful and flexible support for connecting to, configuring and managing LDAP directory servers. To achieve optimal performance, a background synchronization task loads the required users and groups from the LDAP server into the application's database, and periodically fetches updates from the LDAP server to keep the data in step. The amount of time needed to copy the users and groups rises with the number of users, groups, and group memberships. For that reason, we recommended a maximum number of users and groups as described below.
This recommendation affects connections to LDAP directories:
- Microsoft Active Directory
- All other LDAP directory servers
The following LDAP configurations are not affected:
- Internal directories with LDAP authentication
- LDAP directories configured for 'Authentication Only, Copy User On First Login'
Please choose one of the following solutions, depending on the number of users, groups and memberships in your LDAP directory.
Your environment | Recommendation |
|---|---|
Up to 10 000 (ten thousand) users, 1000 (one thousand) groups, and 20 (twenty) groups per user | Choose the 'LDAP' or 'Microsoft Active Directory' directory type. You can make use of the full synchronization option. Your application's database will contain all the users and groups that are in your LDAP server. |
More than the above | Use LDAP filters to reduce the number of users and groups visible to the synchronization task. |
Our Test Results
We performed internal testing of synchronization with an AD server on our local network consisting of 10 000 users, 1000 groups and 200 000 memberships.
We found that the initial synchronization took about 5 minutes. Subsequent synchronizations with 100 modifications on the AD server took a couple of seconds to complete.
Please keep in mind that a number of factors come into play when trying to tune the performance of the synchronization process, including:
- Size of userbase. Use LDAP filters to keep this to the minimum that suits your requirements.
- Type of LDAP server. We currently support change detection in AD, so subsequent synchronizations are much faster for AD than for other LDAP servers.
- Network topology. The further away your LDAP server is from your application server, the more latent LDAP queries will be.
- Database performance. As the synchronization process caches data in the database, the performance of your database will affect the performance of the synchronization.
- JVM heap size. If your heap size is too small for your userbase, you may experience heavy garbage collection during the synchronization process which could in turn slow down the synchronization.
Redundant LDAP is Not Supported
The LDAP connections do not support the configuration of two or more LDAP servers for redundancy (automated failover if one of the servers goes down).
Specific Notes for Connecting to Active Directory
When the application synchronizes with Active Directory (AD), the synchronization task requests only the changes from the LDAP server rather than the entire user base. This optimizes the synchronization process and gives much faster performance on the second and subsequent requests.
On the other hand, this synchronization method results in a few limitations:
- Externally moving objects out of scope or renaming objects causes problems in AD. If you move objects out of scope in AD, this will result in an inconsistent cache. We recommend that you do not use the external LDAP directory interface to move objects out of the scope of the sub-tree, as defined on the application's directory configuration screen. If you do need to make structural changes to your LDAP directory, manually synchronize the directory cache after you have made the changes to ensure cache consistency.
- Synchronizing between AD servers is not supported. Microsoft Active Directory does not replicate the uSNChanged attribute across instances. For that reason, we do not support connecting to different AD servers for synchronization. (You can of course define multiple different directories, each pointing to its own respective AD server.)
- You must restart the application after restoring AD from backup. On restoring from backup of an AD server, the uSNChanged timestamps are reverted to the backup time. To avoid the resulting confusion, you will need to flush the directory cache after a Active Directory restore operation.
- Obtaining AD object deletions requires administrator access. Active Directory stores deleted objects in a special container called cn=Deleted Objects. By default, to access this container you need to connect as an administrator and so, for the synchronization task to be aware of deletions, you must use administrator credentials. Alternatively, it is possible to change the permissions on the cn=Deleted Objects container. If you wish to do so, please see this Microsoft KB article.
- The User DN used to connect to AD must be able to see the uSNChanged attribute. The synchronization task relies on the uSNChanged attribute to detect changes, and so must be in the appropriate AD security groups to see this attribute for all LDAP objects in the subtree.
Recommendations for connecting to another Jira server
Single Sign-On Across Multiple Applications is Not Supported
When you connect to a JIRA application for user management, you will not have single sign-on across the applications connected in this way. JIRA, when acting as a directory manager, does not support SSO.
Custom Application Connectors are Not Supported
JIRA applications, Confluence, FishEye, Crucible and Bamboo can connect to a JIRA server for user management. Custom application connectors will need to use the new REST API.
Custom Directories are Not Supported
Earlier versions of JIRA supported OSUser Providers. It was therefore possible write a special provider to obtain user information from any external user directory. This is no longer the case.
Load on your JIRA instance
If your JIRA instance is already under high load, then using it as a User Server will increase that load.
JIRA Cloud applications not supported
You cannot use JIRA Cloud applications to manage standalone users. Cloud users and users within your self-hosted Atlassian applications need to be managed separately.
Recommendations
Your environment | Recommendation |
|---|---|
If all the following are true:
| Your environment meets the optimal requirements for using a JIRA application for user management. |
If one or more of the following are true:
| We recommend that you install Atlassian Crowd for user management and SSO. |
If you are considering creating a custom directory connector to define your own storage for users and groups... | Please see if one of the following solutions will work for you:
|
Related topics
Connecting to an LDAP directory
Connecting to Crowd or another Jira server for user management
Configuring user directories